Journal of Sustainable Environment

Extraction & assessment of physicochemical parameters of Rubus Laciniatus by using classical and instrumental technique

Atya Hassan — 2025-01-01

ABSTRACT

In this work extraction process was used to study the various parameters of RUBUS LACINIATUS. Dye extracted from the fruits of sample in aqueous medium. Acidic and basic characteristics of dye were determined by classical method as well as pH technique. Conductivity method was used to evaluate the molar and specific conductance at 25±1⁰C. Viscometer was used to determine the viscosity of extracted dyes from 10±1⁰C to 50±1⁰C. Further, elucidated the different type of parameters such as relative, specific and reduced viscosity respectively. Inspite, of these graphical and theoretical methods was applied for the determination of intrinsic viscosity. Surface tension of dye measured at 25±1⁰C by distinct methods. By using surface tension the surface excess concentration was examined with the help of Gibbs adsorption isotherm modal. Activation energy and frequency factor estimated from viscosity at 283±1k^- to 323±1k^-. Gibbs free energy and activation enthalpy determined by co-relating the activation energy and frequency factor.

Application of SLF to study the growth parameters of chickpeas

Hafsah . — 2025-01-01

Chickpeas are an important food crop consumed worldwide due to their high nutritional value. Since seaweed Liquid Fertilizers (SLFs) greatly enhance the production and yield of crops and are environment-friendly, the present study aimed to assess the impacts of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizer (SLF) obtained from brown seaweed Cystoseira indica (Thivy et Doshi), Mariha 1968, on the growth and yield of Desi and Kabuli Chickpeas. The SLF was tested in five concentrations: 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%. Growth parameters, including shoot and root lengths, plant height and weight, number of buds, flowers, and pods, and the average weight of pods were recorded. Results show that lower concentrations enhanced all parameters studied in both varieties of chickpeas, while the least positive results were observed in the 5% concentration. The study concludes that C. indica can be used as a potential source of SLF for better growth and yield of both varieties of chickpeas.

Economic and Environmental Analysis of Photovoltaic Solar Net Metering-A case of Karachi, Pakistan

mehak kanwal — 2025-01-01

The increase in electricity prices in Pakistan has placed a heavy burden on consumers. The installation of rooftop solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems with net metering has emerged as a practical and sustainable solution to alleviate this issue. This study examines the benefits of net metering emphasizing its potential to reduce electricity bills and mitigate global warming by curtailing carbon emissions. Data pertaining to residential electricity usage and net-metering consumers in Karachi from 2018 to 2022 was examined to assess variations in electricity costs and determine potential savings through net metering. The analysis reveals a notable 375% rise in the average monthly expenditure on electricity for residential consumers in Karachi since 2018. Following the introduction of net metering in 2018, the number of consumers increased by 6,250% in 2022 compared to 2018. Solar net-metering consumers enjoyed an average monthly savings of 32% on electricity bills and an annual monetary benefit of approximately 275%. Furthermore, solar net metering has contributed approximately 11.64 MW of electricity to Karachi's grid, resulting in a reduction of 686,348 Kg/TJ in carbon emissions. It is recommended that government invest in providing subsidies for solar system to promote the adoption of solar electricity in Pakistan.

Assay of Physicochemical and Statistical Analysis of Textile Dyeing Effluent Generated from Different Fabrics

Muhammad Owais Chughtai — 2025-01-01

Textile Industries play a significant and central role globally for the economic prosperity of numerous countries. Due to varied methods of dyeing processes involving enormous amount of water the textile processing units are blamable for major environmental pollution issues worldwide as this wastewater is released without appropriate treatment in nearby water channels. This research is aimed to conduct the physicochemical and statistical analysis of the effluent generated from dying of different fabrics. The parameters such as Power of Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH), Conductivity, Total Dissolve solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Hardness (TH), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD₅), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Chloride (Cl^-1), Sulphate (SO4^-2), Sodium Ion (Na⁺¹), Magnesium Ion (Mg⁺²) and Calcium Ion (Ca⁺²) were analyzed. The outcomes of the analysis were correlated with the National Environmental Quality Standard (NEQS) of Pakistan and World Health Organization (WHO). It was found that all the parameters were within permissible limits except pH, TH and Ca⁺². The superfluous concentration of the pollutants indicates that the effluent is polluted with respect to about mentioned parameters. Such practices are creating hazardous effects on the ecology of terrestrial and aquatic life and pose a threat to the local environment.

Impacts of Climate Change on Adaptation and Mitigation in Pakistan, South Asia: Review Study

Jawad Abdullah Butt — 2025-01-01

Pakistan is predicted to experience a greater rise in temperature than the global average. The country's southern regions are predicted to see an increase in temperature. It is predicted that the number of hot days and nights will rise dramatically. Predictions for rainfall in Pakistan show no discernible patterns of systematic change. A pattern of rising rainfall in the lower and upper Indus Basins. Rising air and sea temperatures are predicted to produce a considerable rise in the frequency of floods. 33 million people could be affected annually by floods in 2030, and the sea-bed area of South Asia will also be submerged. Studies show that corrective measures for adaptation and mitigation should apply. The national performance assessment based on 14 indicators should follow four categories. One of the world's regions that is most sensitive to the many direct and indirect consequences of climate change is South Asia. These implications include rising sea levels, increased cyclonic activity, altered ambient temperatures, and changed precipitation patterns. The continuous rise in sea level has already flooded many of the low-lying islands in the Sundarbans constituency, forcing thousands of people to evacuate. The assessment of a country's progress toward its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and 2030 targets.